1) Marshal Deodoro da Fonseca (15/11/1889 – 25/02/1891)
Born in Alagoas, in 1827. Assumed the provisional government’s leadership in the 15th of November, 1889, as the commander of the armed movement, from which the Republic’s Proclamation resulted. He was elected president by the National Congress on the 25th of February, 1891.
2) Marshal Floriano Peixoto (23/11/1891 – 15/11/1894)
Born in Maceió (Alagoas), in 1839. As vice-president he exercised the presidency until the end of a four year term of office, authorised by the National Congress, following the resignation of the President, Deodoro da Fonseca.
3) Prudente de Moraes (15/11/1894 – 15/11/1898)
Born in Itú (São Paulo), in 1841. Directly elected.
4) Campos Sales (15/11/1898 – 15/11/1902)
Born in Campinas (São Paulo), in 1841. Directly elected.
5) Rodrigues Alves (15/11/1902 – 15/11/1906)
Born in Guaratingueta (São Paulo), in 1848. Directly elected.
6) Afonso Pena (15/11/1906 – 15/11/1909)
Born in Santa Bárbara (Minas Gerais), in 1847. Directly elected.
7) Nilo Peçanha (14/06/1909 – 15/11/1910)
Born in Campos (Rio de Janeiro), in 1867. As vice-president, he assumed the government due to President Afonso Pena’s death.
8) Marshal Hermes da Fonseca (15/11/1910 – 15/11/1914)
Born in São Gabriel (Rio Grande do Sul), in 1855. Directly elected.
9) Venceslau Brás (15/11/1914 – 15/11/1918)
Born in São Caetano da Vargem Grande (Minas Gerais), in 1868. Directly elected.
10) Delfim Moreira (15/11/1918 – 28/07/1919)
Born in Cristina (Minas Gerais), in 1868. Directly elected vice-president. He substituted , in the Presidency, Rodrigues Alves, who, due to health problems, did not even assume power.
11) Epitácio Pessoa (28/07/1919 – 15/11/1922)
Born in Umbuzeiro (Paraíba), in 1865. Directly elected.
12) Artur Bernardes (15/11/1922 – 15711/1926)
Born in Viçosa (Minas Gerais), in 1875. Directly elected.
13) Washington Luís (15/11/1926 – 24/10/1930)
Born in Macaé (Rio de Janeiro), in 1869. Directly elected.
14) Provisional Government: General Menna Barreto, General Tasso Fragoso and Admiral Isaias de Noronha (24/10/1930 – 03/11/1930).
Menna Barreto, born in Porto Alegre (Rio Grande do Sul), in 1874; Tasso Fragoso, born in São Luís (Maranhão), in 1869; Isaías de Noronha, born in Rio de Janeiro (Rio de Janeiro), in 1873. This governing junta provisionally assumed power because the elected president, Júlio Prestes de Albuquerque, did not even take office, in face of the revolutionary movement’s outbreak, on the 24th of October, 1930.
15) Getúlio Vargas (03/11/1930 – 29/10/1945)
16) José Linhares (29/10/1945 – 31/01/1946)
Born in Baturité (Ceará), in 1886. He assumed the presidency summoned by the Armed Forces, as president of the Federal Supreme Court, in face of Getúlio Vargas’ overthrow.
17) Marshal Eurico Dutra (31/01/1946 – 31/01/1951)
Born in Cuiabá (Mato Grosso), in 1885. Directly elected.
18) Getúlio Vargas (31/01/1951 – 24/08/1954)
19) Café Filho (24/08/1954 – 08/11/1955)
Born in Natal (Rio Grande do Norte), in 1899. As vice-president, he assumed the Presidency due to Getúlio Vargas’ death.
20) Carlos Luz (08/11/1955 – 11/11/1955)
Born in Três Corações (Minas Gerais), in 1894. As the Chamber of Deputies’ president, he assumed the Presidency of the Republic due to Café Filho’s infirmity, when he was overthrown.
21) Nereu Ramos (11/11/1955 – 31/01/1956)
Born in Lages (Santa Catarina), in 1888. As vice-president of the Federal Senate, he assumed the Presidency due to the impeachment of President Café Filho and the Chamber’s president, Carlos Luz, according to deliberation of the Senate and the Chamber of Deputies.
22) Juscelino Kubitscheck (31/01/1956 – 31/01/1961)
Born in Diamantina (Minas Gerais), in 1902. Directly elected.
23) Jânio Quadros (31/01/1961 – 25/08/1961)
Born in Campo Grande (Mato Grosso), in 1917. Directly elected.
24) Ramieri Mazzilli (25/08/1961 – 08/09/1961)
Born in Caconde (São Paulo), in 1910. As president of the Chamber of Deputies, he assumed the Presidency due to Jânio Quadros’ resignation and the absence of the vice-president, João Goulart, who was away in China.
25) João Goulart (08/09/1961 – 01/04/1964)
Born in São Borja (Rio Grande do Sul), in 1918. He was directly elected vice-president in 1960. He assumed the Presidency by imposition of the Constitutional Amendment nº 4, of the 22nd of September, 1961, which instituted the parliamentary system of government. He continued to exercise the presidency after the re-establishment of the presidential government system by the 6th of January of the 1963 plebiscite, until being overthrown by the March, 1964 Coup.
26) Provisional Government: Ranieri Mazzilli (02/04/1964 – 15/04/1964)
Born in Caconde (São Paulo), in 1910. As president of the Chamber of Deputies, he was summoned to assume the government’s leadership by the National Congress, who announced the Presidency of the Republic’s vacancy, following the victory of the military coup on the 31st of March, 1964.
27) Marshal Castelo Branco (15/04/1964 – 15/03/1967)
Born in Mecejana (Ceará), in 1900. Indirectly elected. His mandate was prorogued until the 15th of March, 1967.
28) General Costa e Silva (15/03/1967 – 31/08/1969)
Born in Taquari (Rio Grande do Sul), in 1902. Indirectly elected.
29) Provisional Government: Admiral Augusto Rademaker, General Lyra Tavares and Brigadier Marcio de Souza e Mello
Admiral Rademaker was born in Rio de Janeiro (Rio de Janeiro), in 1905; General Lyra Tavares was born in João Pessoa (Paraíba), in 1905; Brigadier Souza e Mello was born in Florianópolis (Santa Catarina), in 1906. The military ministers assumed the government’s leadership by force of the Institutional Act nº 12, during the impeachment for health reasons, of President Costa e Silva.
30) General Garrastazu Médici (30/10/1969 – 15/03/1974)
Born in Bagé (Rio Grande do Sul), in 1905. Indirectly elected.
31) General Ernesto Geisel (15/03/1974 – 15/03/1979)
Born in Bento Gonçalves (Rio Grande do Sul), in 1908. Indirectly elected.
32) João Baptista de Oliveira Figueiredo (15/03/1979 – 15/03/1985)
Born in Rio de Janeiro (Rio de Janeiro), in 1918. Indirectly elected.
33) Tancredo Neves
Born in São João del Rey (Minas Gerais), in 1910. Indirectly elected. He did not assume the power due to an infirmity, and he would die on the 21st of April, 1985.
34) José Sarney (15/03/1985 – 15/03/1990)
Born in Pinheiro (Maranhão), in 1930. Indirectly elected vice-president. He assumed the Presidency as vice-president until the 21st of April, 1985, due to the president’s infirmity. From that date, due to President Tancredo Neves’ death, he exercised the Presidency by succession.
35) Fernando Collor de Mello (15/03/1990 – 02/10/1992)
Born in Rio de Janeiro (Rio de Janeiro), in 1949. Directly elected.
36) Itamar Franco (02/10/1992 – 01/01/1995)
Born in Salvador (Bahia), in 1931. Directly elected vice-president. He exercised the Presidency as vice-president, between the 2nd of October and the 29th of December, 1992, the period during which the titular, Fernando Collor de Mello, had been removed from power by enforcement of the approval of an impeachment demand by the Chamber of Deputies.
Itamar Franco assumed the Presidency by succession, from the 29th of December, 1992, due to Fernando Collor’s resignation.
37) Fernando Henrique Cardoso (01/01/1995 – present day)
Born in Rio de Janeiro (Rio de Janeiro), in 1931. Directly elected.
Source: Brazil Presidency of the Republic, Governments of the Republic (Brasília: Civil Cabinet, Documents Division, 1987).